Bosch AG60-125PD Manuale Utente

Home"" """"> ar.cn.de.en.es.fr.id.it.ph.po.ru.swTools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small ScaleMining (GTZ

FlSCHER, H.: Technologie des Scheidens, Mischens und Zer- kleinerns,Leipzig1920.FORTH, W., HENSCHLER, D., RUMMIER, W.: Pharmakologie und Toxikologie.

1.4 Quick-test-strips merckoquant1.5 RiffleboxTools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small Scale Mining (GTZ, 1993,538 p.)Technical Chapter 1:

Dimensions:approx. 20 - 25 cm long, pointed nozzle with 0.4 - 0.5 mm jet of platinumor nickelWeight: approx. 50 gramsDegree ofMechanization:not mechan

CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION:OperatingExpenditure:low |————|———| highMaintenanceExpenditure:low |———|————| highPersonnelRequirements:highly experienced a

Lifespan:very long |———|————| very shortBibliography, Source: Plattner, Wehrle, Kest, Kolbeck, Frick-DauschOPERATING PRINCIPLE:Blowpipe analysis is a

Polished pieces of charcoal of approx. 30 × 30 × 40 mm are employed as a base. Ifcharcoal is not available, the foundation or base can be prepared usi

Fig.: View of blowpipe with changeable precious-metal nozzle (above left).Source: Frick-DauschTable: The primary chemical reactions of blowpipe analys

Arsenic and high-grade arsenic ores: mirror of arsenic, garlic odor.Antimony: mirror of antimony.Arsenic sulphides, arsenopyrite: hot sublimate is dar

C. Heating in a pipe open on both sides (calcination test)Free sulphur and metal sulphides form SO2. Tellurium emits white smoke, which partially cond

Crdark yellow to redgreengreengreenU yellow-red yellowishgreen4)green4)Moyellowish5) colorless yellow light brown-yellowWo yellow to colorless colorle

hotcoldhotcoldMn violet violet colorless colorlessCo blue blue blue blueCu green blue-green to light blue colorless togreenishsealing-waxred opaque1)M

GAETZSCHMANN, M.F.: Die Lehre von den bergmannischenGewinnungsarbeiten,Freiberg 1846.GAETZSCHMANN, M.F.: Vollstandige Anleitung zur Berobaukunst, 1846

With SnCl2 and without Fe-additive, dark green.E. Flame colorationYellow flame: sodiumReddish-yellow flame: calciumRed flame: lithium; strontiumDiffer

Separation of Na and K: viewed through a cobalt glass, the light from Nafades, and the potassium flame appears purple-violet.F. Sample with cobalt sol

Greenish-blue melt: manganese.Testing for: molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium, titanium The soda-salpeter-melt is rubbed with water in a flask

1. SublimatesYellow sublimate: hot - dark yellow lead, bismuth (often bead).White sublimate: hot - yellow zinc; when moistened with cobalt nitrate and

Flourine: heating of the sample substance in a lead crucible with SiO2 and H2SO4(Browning test, see below).Tellurium: when tellurium ores are slightly

General Ore MiningAnalysisengl.: specific gravity bottlegerm.: Pyknometerspan.: picnometro (densimetro)TECHNICAL DATA:Dimensions: available in volumes

OperatingExpenditure:low |———|————| highMaintenanceExpenditure:low |———|————| highPersonnelRequirements:experience in collecting and evaluating test d

locally; the mechanical scale also cannot, in most instances, be locallymanufactured.Lifespan: very long |———|————| very shortOPERATING PRINCIPLE:The

to be measured are not too small, such as when the pycnometer is half-full withsample material.This measuring method, which measures density to an acc

Externa power needs:none, due to permanent magnetThroughput/Performance: for example, 30 min required for the quantitative separation ofa 5-g heavy-mi

GOESCHEN, G.J.: Bergbaukunde, Vol. 1, 2, Leipzig 1789,1790.GREENWELL, A./ELSDEN, J.V.: Practical Stone Quarrying, GURLT, A.: Die Bergbau.und Huttenkun

Operating Experience:very good |———|————| badEnvironmental Impact: low |———|————| very highSuitability for LocalProduction:very good |————|———| badUnd

susceptibility, the magnetic separator can selectively separate a number ofdifferent magnetic fractions. Weighing the entire sample and the products c

Pocket magnetic separators are ideally suited for quick quantitative determinationof magnetic mineral contents in raw ores and beneficiation products.

aqueous solution.CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION:OperatingExpenditure:low |———|————| highMaintenanceExpenditure:low |———|————| highPersonnelRequirements:hig

depending upon type and degree of sample preparation (sample solution).Suitability forLocalProduction:very good |————|———| badnot possibleBibliography

copper:10-300 ppmmolybdenum: 5 - 250 ppmnickel: 10 - 500 ppmsilver: 0.5 - 10 g/lzinc: 10 - 250 ppmtin: 10 - 200 ppmTotal hardness: 4 - 25pH-value: 0 -

TECHNICAL DATA:Dimensions: approx. 30 cm H × 60 cm W × 30 cm DWeight: approx. 2 - 5 kg depending on thickness of materialExternal power needs: not mec

Operating Experience:very good |———|————| badEnvironmental Impact: low |———|————| very highSuitability for LocalProduction:very good |———|————| badUnd

SUITABILITY FOR SMALL-SCALE MINING:Riffleboxes are highly suitable for small-scale mining application especially sincethey can be locally manufactured

Fig.: Rifflebox for example preparation. Source: Armstrong20/10/2011 Tools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small Scal…D:/cd3wddvd/NoExe/Maste

HAUSDING, A: Industrielle Torfeewinnung und Torfverwertung mit besondererBerucksichtigung der dazu erforderlichen Maschinen und Apparate nebst derenAn

Fig.: Rifflebox with (1) sample divider, (2) feed tray and (3) receiving tray, fromSchubert.Home"" """"> ar.cn.de.en.

B.3. Organizational measuresB.4 Environmental and health aspectsTools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small Scale Mining (GTZ, 1993,538 p.)B.

- loading- lighting- haulage - roof support.The frequently-used small-scale mining method in developing countries,characterized as a shallow digging o

- veins with high-grade gold-containing sulphides (which can be enrichedinto a sulphide concentrate by flotation),- pneumatolytic and metasomatic depo

varying mining activities which have limited advance rates due to the lack ofventilation, supports, etc.These technical and organizational deficits ar

lead to substantial macro-economic damages. In areas where poorerdeposits become inaccessible or are abandoned due to destructiveexploitation of rich

B.3.1 USE OF GRAVITY TO REDUCE HANDLINGSmall-scale mining frequently employs inefficient loading and transport methods.Loose material is rehandled a n

B.3.2 BACKFILL WITH HAND-PICKED ROCKSAnother method for reducing haulage costs is the hand-sorting of waste rocksunderground for further use as packin

for the present time; as a result, work activities such as development of deposits(even where this is possible internally inside the ore-body structur

The introduction of work specialization should include the negociation ofpersonnel salaries based on performance or productivity.B.3.4 COST REDUCTION

HERMOSA V.W: Breve Historia de la Mineria en Bolivia. Editorial "Los Amigos delLibro", Laz Paz 1979.HERRMANN, Or Steinbruch-Industrie und St

to a partial destruction of the deposits. The different mining methods can beclassified according to the type of mine development and support and roof

panel type (large axially-expanding roomsextending to mine limits boundary)panel miningroom-and-pillar miningbreaststopingpanel miningroom andpillar s

Fig.: Development of pillar mining in an inclined deposit. Source: StocesPillar mining is characterized by irregular forms and arrangements of theexca

headings depends upon the competence of the host rock and can reach 10 meters;the height can total up to 3 meters.The individual headings are laid out

the main gallery and the panel for support reasons.This method of mining is characterized by the construction of panels of regular,mostly rectangular

Fig.: Shrinkage stope. Source: StocesWith this procedure, the extracted ores are stored in the excavation chamber forthe duration of mining of the ind

with sufficient rainfall.Sub-level stopingSub-level stoping is an irregular form of panel mining.This method is characterized by the blasting of large

Fig.: Sublevel stoping. Source: Stoces.Sublevel stoping (sublevel widening and sublevel caving). When competent ore isbeing mined from sublevel drifts

Fig.: One-Sided cut-and-fill stoping of overhand faces with brace support. Source:Stoces.This type of stoping is defined primarily according to the ty

FigureBench stoping is sometimes employed for mining smaller regions of depositswhich lie below the haulage level where it would be uneconomical to de

HUNTER, N.J.: The rock bottom economics of gold placer mining, Paper No.21,Small-scale mining seminar London, 1987.INVERSIN, A.R: Micro-Hydropower Sou

Fig.: underground bench stoping or glory-hole mining in a steeply-dipplig coalmine in Checua Region, Cundinamarca, Colombia.This mining method is the

stoping method in steeply dipping deposits.This method is only applied in steeply-dipping seamlike deposits of smallerthickness.Inclined cut-and-fill

Fig.: Sub-level caving. Source: StocesThis form of stoping is characterized by the drifting of underground sub-levels,aligned underneath each other, s

simultaneously with several staggered sublevels in deposits of sufficientthickness.The sub-level caving method is predominantly applied in steeply inc

(high)inclined cut-and-fill(low)bench stopingRecovery Preparation:(high) cut-and-fill mining (low) panel miningshrinkage stoping pillar mining| sublev

the possibility of developing parallel mineable seams or areas of the deposit. Inthe small-scale mining industry in developing countries, exploration

underlying seams occurs only after mining and caving of the upper seams hasbeen completed. Only in this way can damage to overlying mineable seams bea

Radon emission from host rock and natural radioactivity which occurs, forexample, in uranium mining, firedamp gas from methane emission which occurs i

permeable zones of the vein mineralization, soluble sulfate compounds are formedthrough oxidation processes (partially stimulated by microbial calatyt

- no safety measures are provided during personnel transport- safety measures during blasting operations (for example, detonatingfuses are too short,

12 groen Tafeln, Stuttgart 1865.KOECKE: Der Hundtsche Trichterherd, in: Ztsch. f.d. Berg-, Hutten- undSalinenwesen, Vol.7, 1859.KOLBECK, F.: Carl Frie

2.1 Safety kitTools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small Scale Mining (GTZ, 1993,538 p.)Technical Chapter 2: Safety TechniquesTECHNIQUES APP

and general mine equipment. The personal safety equipment should ideally consistof the following:Helmet - serves as the primary protection from head i

straps.Hand gloves - to protect hands and fingers from injury.Protective goggles/glasses - to be worn when danger of eye injuries exists due toflying

conditions of high ground pressure can lead to a sudden explosion. CO2 is a toxic,odourless, respiration-inhibiting gas which is heavier than air and

The mine safety equipment should include the following items:Personnel tags - small numbered metal tags which hang on a check-in/check-outboard near t

Gas Protection Equipment - for use by the mine-rescue team in emergencysituations, these are practical in small-scale mining In developing countries o

KUR, F., WOLF, H.G.: Wassermuhlen: 35.000 Kleinkraftwerke zum Wohnen u.Arbeiten. Frankfurt a.M.1985.LANDTECHNIK WEIHENSTEPHAN: Zweistufiger Savonius-R

LOWE, P.: Animal powered systems: an alternative approach to agriculturemechanization; a publication of GATE, Braunschweig 1986.LONDONO G., R.: Minas

MEDINA ACUNA, O.M.: Exploracion de oro alluvial, Banco Minero del Peru,Lima1982.MEIER, U: Local Experience With Micro-Hydro Technology. St. Gallen 198

Technical Chapter 11: Other special techniquesD. BeneficiationTechnical Chapter 12: CrushingTechnical Chapter 13: ClassificationTechnical Chapter 14:

MONNINGHOFF, M., u.a.: Der hydraulische Widder, 4. edition, Hannover 1987.MULLER, K.F.: Die Salzgarten des Meeresufers. Universitat Leipzig,1910.MULLE

Mechanisierungsgrades untersucht am Beispiel des Kohlebergbaues. Dissertation,NOTSTALLER, R.: Zur Beurteilung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen

Bergakademie Freiberg, 1985.PHILLIPS, J.A.: The Mining and Metallurgy of Gold and Silver London 1867.PIELER Die in Ramsbeck m it d em Hundtschen Trich

hergestellter Gopel, Frankfurt 1986.QUITTKAT, G.: Erzautbereitung, Munchen 1961.RAINER, G., Noya, A.R.: Consejos practicos pare la pertoracion Cuadern

history of technology; new series, No.7, Baltimore 1983.RITTINGER, P.: Erfahrungen im berg- und huttenmannischen Maschinen-, Bau-und Autbereitungswese

Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart 1982.SCHENNEN, H./ JuNGT, F.: Lehrbuch der Erz- und Steinkohlen- aufbereitung,Stuttgart 1913.SCHIPPERS, H.-J.: Bergbau und Intr

e.V. - IZE - Frankfurt 1987.SERLO, A.: Leitfaden zur Bergbaukunde, Berlin, 1878.SHADMON, A: Stone. An Introduction, it-publications, London, 1989.SHAW

York 1969.SINGEWLAD, A., FRICKE, G.: Die elektrostatische Aufbereitung von Kali-Rohsalzen,Chem. Ing. Tech.55, Nr.1, Weinheim 1983.SLOTTA, R: Einfuhrun

STOCKS, B.: Eleccion y Critica de los Metodos de Explotacion en Mineria EdicionesOmega, S.A., Barcelona, Spanien, 1963.STOLZ, M: Der genossenschaftlic

TREBRA F.W.H. von: Ertahrungen vom Innern der Gebirge, Dessau und Leipzig1785.TREPTOW WUST, BORCHERS: Bergbau und Huttenwesen. O. Spamer, Leipzig 1900

AHLFELD, F./SCHNEIDER-SCHERBINA, A.: Los Yacimientos Minerales y deHidrocarburos de Bolivia. Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo Boletin Nr.5, Laz Paz1964.

VEGA, R.L.; MURILLO, CH. J.:Pertoracion y Voladuras pare opera-clones mineral,Libreria Editoral "Juventud", La Paz, Bolivia, 1990.VILLEFOSSE

1966.WORLD BANK Appraisal of a Small Mining Development Protect, Bolivia. Rep. No.1236 b-Bo, Washington, 1976.WOTRUBA, H., VEST, H.: Schweretrennung v

Das Schwarzer Bergbuch 1556. Faksimiledruck, Hrsg.: Verlag Gluckauf,Dauerhafte Energiequellen. Einfuhrung in die Nutrung von Sonnen-, Wind-,Wasser- un

Small Scale Mining, A guide to apropriate equipment, IT-Publication, London,Grobritannien, 1990.The first International Symposium on Precious Metals R

Technical Chapter 1: AnalysisB. Underground miningTechnical Chapter 2: Safety TechniquesTechnical Chapter 3: VentilationTechnical Chapter 4: Water sup

Technical Chapter 19: Energy TechniquesBibliographyList of manufacturers and suppliersList of abbreviationsList of manufacturers and suppliersAceros d

ArcotexPadre Tadeo No 4920, Casilla 12083, Santiago, Chile73 55 26, Telex 294 311ASEA, Perini HermanosCra.19N°,22 B 03, AA.472, Pasto, Colombia32 449,

(0711) 7 90 31, Telex 72 527 500BrauerGoethestrae 11, 6140 Bensheim 3, Germany(06251) 7 30 68, Fax (06251) 7 39 55Campo Nuevo,Cas.4365 La Paz, Bolivia

Techniques Hydro-mechaniques, 1588 Cudrefin, SwitzerlandDeBeSaBurqplatz 4,5 144 Kreuzau, Germany(02422) 80 85, Fax (02422) 80 84. Telex 833 944Denver

Guayaquil, Ecuador300671Eduardo S.A.Avenida N° 1 Parque Industrial Liviano, Apart..1947, Santa Cruz, Bolivia,2 28 97,3 76 53, Fax 4 93 44, Telex 4395

ATLAS COPCO DEUTSCHLAND GMBH (editor): Handbuch Drucklutttechnik, Berlin1977.BACH, C.: Die Wasserrader; nebst Atlas mit 25 lithographierten Tafeln; St

FACO Fabrica de Ago PaulistaAve. Pres. Wilson, 1.716, CEP 0310; Caixa Postal 3190, Sao Paulo, Brasil274-6055, Telex 0 M 331 86 FACO BRFagersta Secoroc

Friemann + Wolf,Meidericher Strae 6-8,4100 Duisburg 1, Germany(0203) 3002-0, Fax (0203) 3002 240, Telex 855 543FUNDEMIN,Av. Jimenez No.4-03 OF.1006, A

Box 203 Beaconsfield, Bucks HP9 2TQ, Great Britain(0494) 67 84 11, Fax (0494) 67 87 31GrauvogelB.P.63 67702 Saverne Cedex, France(88) 9 i 12 53, Telex

P.O. Box 3,3360 AA, Sliedrecht, NetherlandImpler,Hummelhausen 3, 8201 Au b. Bad Feilnbach, Germany,INCOMEC Ltda.,M. Melgarejo E.1713, Cochabamba, Boli

Ingersoll -Rand100 Thanet Circle, Suit 300, Princeton, N.J., 08540 - 3662, USA,(609) 921 86 88Inteco68 Rajendra Market, Tiz Nahir, Dehli 54, Indiaital

(0221) 82 30, Telex 8812 267Kleenoil,30a Robert Street, Harrogate, North Yorkshire HG1 IHP Great Britain(0432) 52 29 11, Fax (0423) 53 00 43, Telex 57

calle 18A, No. 1E, Apdo.4976, Ap. Aereo 18261, E;ogot3, Colombialenoir et merrierBP 80,08120 Bogny-sur-Meuse France2432 1332, Fax 2432 1378, Telex 840

62 64 92,61 91 00,62 65 47, Fax 6 i 91 do. Telex 25257 PE PB SISMerck,Frankfurter Strae 250,6100 Darmstadt, Germany(06151) 720,Fax [06151) 72 33 68, T

Mineral Equipment, Inc.Precious Metals Extraction (PMX), 3740 Rocklin Road, Rocklin, CA 95677,California, USA,(916) 624-4577MogensenKronskamp; 26,2000

Oliver Manufacturing Company,P.O. Box 512, Rocky Ford, CO 81067, Colorado. USA,(303) 254-6371Ossberger,Otto Rieder-Strae 7,8832 Weissenburg/Bayern, Ge

BLOWERS, M.J.: Small Scale Gold Mining in Papua New Guinea, The PNC Universityof Technology, 1982.BOCK, R: Elektrostatische Trennung der Komponenten v

(0224) 1 32 20, Telex 7536 sala sSalzgitter,Postfach 12 63.4408 Dulmen, Germany,(02594) 77-0, Fax (02594) 7 72 96, Telex 89 813 epr dSchauenburg,Wesel

(053) 21 61 11, Fax (053) 21 66 06, Telex 896 027 sig chSOTEEL S.R.L.J.A. de Padilla Calle 3 entre Heroes del Chaco, Corretera La Paz km 3,Oruro, Boli

922-299Talleres Mejia,Turuhuayco 270, Apart. 36-A, Cuenca, Ecuador,800361,800297P.O.B. 512,33101 Tampere, Finlandia(0358) 31 32 400, Telex 22 616 tool

Th.-Mayr Strae 5,8018 Grafing. Germany(08092) 45 08Hunderstae 13,7100 Heilbronn, Germany,(07131)42561,Fax(07131)4831 65,Telex728 137Wilfley Mining Mac

Guide to the userIntroductionA. AnalysisTechnical Chapter 1: AnalysisB. Underground miningTechnical Chapter 2: Safety TechniquesTechnical Chapter 3: V

Technical Chapter 17: DryingTechnical Chapter 18: ClarificationE. Mechanization and energy supplyTechnical Chapter 19: Energy TechniquesBibliographyLi

DBMGerman Mines MuseumDDR German Democrate RepublicDE German PatentDept. DepartamentoDM Deutsch Marke.g. Exempli grati (lat. = for instance)E/MJ Engin

MWStMehrwertsteuer (value added taxes)NE Nichteisen (non-ferrous)No. NumberP, PagePAAC Programa de Asistencia Agrobioenergetica al CampesinoPE Polyeth

%Per-cen‘ Foot, approx. 30 cm< Smaller then> Bigger thenDifferenceA Amperea YearW Widthbar Bar-pressureBe BeaumeC Degree Celsiuscd Candela, meas

GWeighth HourH HeightHP Horse-Powerin Inchkg Kilogrammekm KilometreKW KilowattsI LitreL Lengthlb. Libra = poundm MetreM Manm³ Cubic metremin-1 Per min

CAMARGO BLACUT, C.: Agenda Minera de Bolivia. Empresa Editora "En Marcha",LaPaz, Bolivia 1968.CANCRINUS, F.L: Erste Grunde der Berg- und Saz

nAmountN Newtonoz Ounzep PressurepH Negative decadic log of hydrogen ions or proton concentrationppb Parts per billionppm Parts per millionq Constant

AlAluminiumAu GoldBi BismuthC CarbonCa CalciumCd CadmiumCu CopperFe IronH HydrogenHg MercuryM²+ Metalion with double valenceN NitrogenO OxygenPb LeadS

Tools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small ScaleMining (GTZ, 1993, 538 p.)(introduction...)AcknowledgementsPrefaceGuide to the userIntroduct

Technical Chapter 12: CrushingTechnical Chapter 13: ClassificationTechnical Chapter 14: SortingTechnical Chapter 15: Gold BeneficationTechnical Chapte

diversifying their product line.Prerequisites for the successful application of this handbook include a technicalknowledge on the part of the reader,

functions. As a result, these evaluations cannot be universally correlated witheach other.The degree of environmental impact is presented on a linear

The technical section of the handbook also includes names of manufacturers andbibliography for further information. Abbreviations used in the handbook

whether surface or underground, likewise does not need to be addressedseparately.Some of the described modern techniques for smallscale mining are und

Technical Chapter 6: LightingTechnical Chapter 7: StopingTechnical Chapter 8: LoadingTechnical Chapter 9: HaulingC. Surface miningTechnical Chapter 10

The role of small-scale mining worldwide, both in developed and developingcountries, should not be underestimated. It must be taken into consideration

COMBES, Ch.: Handbuch der Bergbaukunst (deutsch bearbeitet von CarIHartmann),2 Vol.. und ein Atlas, Weimar 1852.CRAMER, S.: Die Situation des Kleinber

- periods of non-continuous mining, as a result of mining only seasonally or whenworld market prices reach a certain minimum level,- insufficient cons

Metals Industrial mineralsberyllium 100 % iron 12 % fluorite 90 % barite 60 %mercury 90 % lead 11 % graphite 90 % sand and gravel 30 %tungsten 80 % zi

DominicanRepublicgoldGuatemala antimony, lead, mica, manganese, tin, tungstenColombia antimony, lead, chromite, precious stones, iron, gold, coal, pla

Turkeylead, chromite, copper, magnesite, mercury, zincAfricaAlgeria antimony, barite, diatomite, mercury, zincEthiopia gold, manganese, platinumGabon

Small-scale mining activities and mine workers have an integral interrelationshipwith their surroundings -nature, culture and people, technology and e

then can subsequent improvements in the working conditions of small-scaleminers be achieved. In particular, the following measures are essential:Table

- mecanization- training in the operationof machines- ventilation methods Devising a socialsecurity system forsmall-scale miningBeneficiation Training

- credit/loan facilitation- cooperativesdebureaucratization- legalizing smallmines- governmentpurchase ofproducts at marketprices- managementconsultin

individual steps of the total mining and beneficiation operations are mechyanized(e.g. mechanization of the crushing process by use of a breaker). Add

import market as a result of, amongst others, import duties, shortage of foreignexchange, and high transportation costs.Small-scale craftmen or manufa

DEPARTMENT OF MINES, SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Handbook on (Quarrying, Adelaide1964.DEUTSCH-SODAMERIKANISCHE BANK: Bolivien, in: Kurzbericht uberLateinamerika,

geology, mineral-deposit geology, work organization and techniques in mining andbeneficiation, work safety, marketing and economics- development of ne

Tools for Mining: Techniques and Processes for Small ScaleMining (GTZ, 1993, 538 p.)A. AnalysisA.1. DefinitionA.2. Initial conditions and problem area

The application of analytical procedures in the small-scale mining industry areparticularly significant for prospecting, exploration, quality control

only in the primary vein ore deposits, but are also present in placer deposits;deficient product knowledge is the reason why valuable platinum content

unnecessary measuring precision. The extent to which the analytical results arerepresentative and are reproducable is determined more through the qual

erroneous conclusions concerning the metal-content of the deposit in general.Several sampling techniques which consistently produce representative res

locational preference for richer or poorer zones of mineralization. This samplingmethod is considerably easier to carry out than channel sampling, esp

one another, are analogously processed further, while the remaining two quartersare discarded. This procedure is repeated as often as required until t

- a relatively high proportion of ore minerals in the total material, since only thenis the measured or estimated value of sufficient accuracy, and- h

where the mine face is irradiated with an ultra-violet lamp which inducesfluorescence of the scheelite.As is true for sampling procedures, a high degr

DURAN A., A.: Metalurgia y Beneficio de Minerales de Oro y Plata FacultadNacional de Minas, Medellin, Colombia 1952.ECKHOLDT, LOBER, TONSMANN (editor)

statements from the ore buyer do not explicitly indicate the reasons for penaltydeductions. Commercially marketable byproducts also remain unidentifie

planning the beneficiation plant in order to establish a marketing strategy.Similar to the deleterious metals, element contents which would be worthre

usually leaves the material components of the minerals unchanged, thisidentification of the valuable-mineral source is particularly important for plan

The above example shows that the results of mineralogical studies play animportant role in determining whether or not an ore deposit can be minedprofi

NameCompositionContent of valuablemineralsDensityTennnacity1)Ordinary lead-zinc mineralization:galena PbS Pb: 86.6 % 7.2-7.6 4sphalerite ZnS Zn: 67.0

pyrargyriteAg3SbS3Ag: 60 %5.82petzite Ag3AuTe2Ag: 41.8 %Au: 25.4 % 8.7-9.1 5free gold Au Au: up to 100 % 15.5-19.3 6copper minerals:free copper Cu Cu:

stanniteCu2FeSnS4Sn: 27.5 %4.3-4.52antimony minerals:antimonite Sb2S3Sb: 71.4 % 4.6-4.7 4antimonochre Sb2O3(H2O) Sb: var. 5.6-6.6 **bismuth minerals:f

pyrrhotite FeS 4.6-4.8haematite Fe2O34.9--5.3arsenopyrite FeAsS 5.9-6.2limonite FeOOH aprooox.4jarosite KFe3((OH)6/(SO4)2) 3.1-3.3argentojarosite AgFe

Table: Characteristics of Ore Minerals including Vein Types, Gangue or Matrix,Associated Minerals and Host Rocks:Name Composition Densityquartz SiO22.

NameDensitygranite 2.6-2.7diorite 2.8-2.9syenite 2.6-2.8dacite 2.6-2.7andecite 2.5-2.6trachyte 2.6-2.8basalt 2.7-3.2porphyry 2.7-2.9gneiss 2.4-2.7quar